概述
提供常用的控制功能，包括设置关节空间目标、设置笛卡尔空间目标、运动规划、移动机械臂、添加及移除基本几何体（碰撞体）、将物体固连在不同坐标系上等。
示例代码
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/* Author: Sachin Chitta, Dave Coleman, Mike Lautman */
#include <moveit/move_group_interface/move_group_interface.h>
#include <moveit/planning_scene_interface/planning_scene_interface.h>
#include <moveit_msgs/DisplayRobotState.h>
#include <moveit_msgs/DisplayTrajectory.h>
#include <moveit_msgs/AttachedCollisionObject.h>
#include <moveit_msgs/CollisionObject.h>
#include <moveit_visual_tools/moveit_visual_tools.h>
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
ros::init(argc, argv, "move_group_interface_tutorial");
ros::NodeHandle node_handle;
ros::AsyncSpinner spinner(1);
spinner.start();
// BEGIN_TUTORIAL
//
// Setup
// ^^^^^
//
// MoveIt operates on sets of joints called "planning groups" and stores them in an object called
// the `JointModelGroup`. Throughout MoveIt the terms "planning group" and "joint model group"
// are used interchangably.
static const std::string PLANNING_GROUP = "panda_arm";
// The :move_group_interface:`MoveGroupInterface` class can be easily
// setup using just the name of the planning group you would like to control and plan for.
moveit::planning_interface::MoveGroupInterface move_group(PLANNING_GROUP);
// We will use the :planning_scene_interface:`PlanningSceneInterface`
// class to add and remove collision objects in our "virtual world" scene
moveit::planning_interface::PlanningSceneInterface planning_scene_interface;
// Raw pointers are frequently used to refer to the planning group for improved performance.
const robot_state::JointModelGroup* joint_model_group =
move_group.getCurrentState()->getJointModelGroup(PLANNING_GROUP);
// Visualization
// ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
//
// The package MoveItVisualTools provides many capabilties for visualizing objects, robots,
// and trajectories in RViz as well as debugging tools such as step-by-step introspection of a script
namespace rvt = rviz_visual_tools;
moveit_visual_tools::MoveItVisualTools visual_tools("panda_link0");
visual_tools.deleteAllMarkers();
// Remote control is an introspection tool that allows users to step through a high level script
// via buttons and keyboard shortcuts in RViz
visual_tools.loadRemoteControl();
// RViz provides many types of markers, in this demo we will use text, cylinders, and spheres
Eigen::Isometry3d text_pose = Eigen::Isometry3d::Identity();
text_pose.translation().z() = 1.75;
visual_tools.publishText(text_pose, "MoveGroupInterface Demo", rvt::WHITE, rvt::XLARGE);
// Batch publishing is used to reduce the number of messages being sent to RViz for large visualizations
visual_tools.trigger();
// Getting Basic Information
// ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
//
// We can print the name of the reference frame for this robot.
ROS_INFO_NAMED("tutorial", "Planning frame: %s", move_group.getPlanningFrame().c_str());
// We can also print the name of the end-effector link for this group.
ROS_INFO_NAMED("tutorial", "End effector link: %s", move_group.getEndEffectorLink().c_str());
// We can get a list of all the groups in the robot:
ROS_INFO_NAMED("tutorial", "Available Planning Groups:");
std::copy(move_group.getJointModelGroupNames().begin(), move_group.getJointModelGroupNames().end(),
std::ostream_iterator<std::string>(std::cout, ", "));
// Start the demo
// ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
visual_tools.prompt("Press 'next' in the RvizVisualToolsGui window to start the demo");
// .. _move_group_interface-planning-to-pose-goal:
//
// Planning to a Pose goal
// ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
// We can plan a motion for this group to a desired pose for the
// end-effector.
geometry_msgs::Pose target_pose1;
target_pose1.orientation.w = 1.0;
target_pose1.position.x = 0.28;
target_pose1.position.y = -0.2;
target_pose1.position.z = 0.5;
move_group.setPoseTarget(target_pose1);
// Now, we call the planner to compute the plan and visualize it.
// Note that we are just planning, not asking move_group
// to actually move the robot.
moveit::planning_interface::MoveGroupInterface::Plan my_plan;
bool success = (move_group.plan(my_plan) == moveit::planning_interface::MoveItErrorCode::SUCCESS);
ROS_INFO_NAMED("tutorial", "Visualizing plan 1 (pose goal) %s", success ? "" : "FAILED");
// Visualizing plans
// ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
// We can also visualize the plan as a line with markers in RViz.
ROS_INFO_NAMED("tutorial", "Visualizing plan 1 as trajectory line");
visual_tools.publishAxisLabeled(target_pose1, "pose1");
visual_tools.publishText(text_pose, "Pose Goal", rvt::WHITE, rvt::XLARGE);
visual_tools.publishTrajectoryLine(my_plan.trajectory_, joint_model_group);
visual_tools.trigger();
visual_tools.prompt("Press 'next' in the RvizVisualToolsGui window to continue the demo");
// Moving to a pose goal
// ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
//
// Moving to a pose goal is similar to the step above
// except we now use the move() function. Note that
// the pose goal we had set earlier is still active
// and so the robot will try to move to that goal. We will
// not use that function in this tutorial since it is
// a blocking function and requires a controller to be active
// and report success on execution of a trajectory.
/* Uncomment below line when working with a real robot */
/* move_group.move(); */
// Planning to a joint-space goal
// ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
//
// Let's set a joint space goal and move towards it. This will replace the
// pose target we set above.
//
// To start, we'll create an pointer that references the current robot's state.
// RobotState is the object that contains all the current position/velocity/acceleration data.
moveit::core::RobotStatePtr current_state = move_group.getCurrentState();
//
// Next get the current set of joint values for the group.
std::vector<double> joint_group_positions;
current_state->copyJointGroupPositions(joint_model_group, joint_group_positions);
// Now, let's modify one of the joints, plan to the new joint space goal and visualize the plan.
joint_group_positions[0] = -1.0; // radians
move_group.setJointValueTarget(joint_group_positions);
success = (move_group.plan(my_plan) == moveit::planning_interface::MoveItErrorCode::SUCCESS);
ROS_INFO_NAMED("tutorial", "Visualizing plan 2 (joint space goal) %s", success ? "" : "FAILED");
// Visualize the plan in RViz
visual_tools.deleteAllMarkers();
visual_tools.publishText(text_pose, "Joint Space Goal", rvt::WHITE, rvt::XLARGE);
visual_tools.publishTrajectoryLine(my_plan.trajectory_, joint_model_group);
visual_tools.trigger();
visual_tools.prompt("Press 'next' in the RvizVisualToolsGui window to continue the demo");
// Planning with Path Constraints
// ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
//
// Path constraints can easily be specified for a link on the robot.
// Let's specify a path constraint and a pose goal for our group.
// First define the path constraint.
moveit_msgs::OrientationConstraint ocm;
ocm.link_name = "panda_link7";
ocm.header.frame_id = "panda_link0";
ocm.orientation.w = 1.0;
ocm.absolute_x_axis_tolerance = 0.1;
ocm.absolute_y_axis_tolerance = 0.1;
ocm.absolute_z_axis_tolerance = 0.1;
ocm.weight = 1.0;
// Now, set it as the path constraint for the group.
moveit_msgs::Constraints test_constraints;
test_constraints.orientation_constraints.push_back(ocm);
move_group.setPathConstraints(test_constraints);
// We will reuse the old goal that we had and plan to it.
// Note that this will only work if the current state already
// satisfies the path constraints. So, we need to set the start
// state to a new pose.
robot_state::RobotState start_state(*move_group.getCurrentState());
geometry_msgs::Pose start_pose2;
start_pose2.orientation.w = 1.0;
start_pose2.position.x = 0.55;
start_pose2.position.y = -0.05;
start_pose2.position.z = 0.8;
start_state.setFromIK(joint_model_group, start_pose2);
move_group.setStartState(start_state);
// Now we will plan to the earlier pose target from the new
// start state that we have just created.
move_group.setPoseTarget(target_pose1);
// Planning with constraints can be slow because every sample must call an inverse kinematics solver.
// Lets increase the planning time from the default 5 seconds to be sure the planner has enough time to succeed.
move_group.setPlanningTime(10.0);
success = (move_group.plan(my_plan) == moveit::planning_interface::MoveItErrorCode::SUCCESS);
ROS_INFO_NAMED("tutorial", "Visualizing plan 3 (constraints) %s", success ? "" : "FAILED");
// Visualize the plan in RViz
visual_tools.deleteAllMarkers();
visual_tools.publishAxisLabeled(start_pose2, "start");
visual_tools.publishAxisLabeled(target_pose1, "goal");
visual_tools.publishText(text_pose, "Constrained Goal", rvt::WHITE, rvt::XLARGE);
visual_tools.publishTrajectoryLine(my_plan.trajectory_, joint_model_group);
visual_tools.trigger();
visual_tools.prompt("next step");
// When done with the path constraint be sure to clear it.
move_group.clearPathConstraints();
// Cartesian Paths
// ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
// You can plan a Cartesian path directly by specifying a list of waypoints
// for the end-effector to go through. Note that we are starting
// from the new start state above. The initial pose (start state) does not
// need to be added to the waypoint list but adding it can help with visualizations
std::vector<geometry_msgs::Pose> waypoints;
waypoints.push_back(start_pose2);
geometry_msgs::Pose target_pose3 = start_pose2;
target_pose3.position.z -= 0.2;
waypoints.push_back(target_pose3); // down
target_pose3.position.y -= 0.2;
waypoints.push_back(target_pose3); // right
target_pose3.position.z += 0.2;
target_pose3.position.y += 0.2;
target_pose3.position.x -= 0.2;
waypoints.push_back(target_pose3); // up and left
// Cartesian motions are frequently needed to be slower for actions such as approach and retreat
// grasp motions. Here we demonstrate how to reduce the speed of the robot arm via a scaling factor
// of the maxiumum speed of each joint. Note this is not the speed of the end effector point.
move_group.setMaxVelocityScalingFactor(0.1);
// We want the Cartesian path to be interpolated at a resolution of 1 cm
// which is why we will specify 0.01 as the max step in Cartesian
// translation. We will specify the jump threshold as 0.0, effectively disabling it.
// Warning - disabling the jump threshold while operating real hardware can cause
// large unpredictable motions of redundant joints and could be a safety issue
moveit_msgs::RobotTrajectory trajectory;
const double jump_threshold = 0.0;
const double eef_step = 0.01;
double fraction = move_group.computeCartesianPath(waypoints, eef_step, jump_threshold, trajectory);
ROS_INFO_NAMED("tutorial", "Visualizing plan 4 (Cartesian path) (%.2f%% acheived)", fraction * 100.0);
// Visualize the plan in RViz
visual_tools.deleteAllMarkers();
visual_tools.publishText(text_pose, "Joint Space Goal", rvt::WHITE, rvt::XLARGE);
visual_tools.publishPath(waypoints, rvt::LIME_GREEN, rvt::SMALL);
for (std::size_t i = 0; i < waypoints.size(); ++i)
visual_tools.publishAxisLabeled(waypoints[i], "pt" + std::to_string(i), rvt::SMALL);
visual_tools.trigger();
visual_tools.prompt("Press 'next' in the RvizVisualToolsGui window to continue the demo");
// Adding/Removing Objects and Attaching/Detaching Objects
// ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
//
// Define a collision object ROS message.
moveit_msgs::CollisionObject collision_object;
collision_object.header.frame_id = move_group.getPlanningFrame();
// The id of the object is used to identify it.
collision_object.id = "box1";
// Define a box to add to the world.
shape_msgs::SolidPrimitive primitive;
primitive.type = primitive.BOX;
primitive.dimensions.resize(3);
primitive.dimensions[0] = 0.4;
primitive.dimensions[1] = 0.1;
primitive.dimensions[2] = 0.4;
// Define a pose for the box (specified relative to frame_id)
geometry_msgs::Pose box_pose;
box_pose.orientation.w = 1.0;
box_pose.position.x = 0.4;
box_pose.position.y = -0.2;
box_pose.position.z = 1.0;
collision_object.primitives.push_back(primitive);
collision_object.primitive_poses.push_back(box_pose);
collision_object.operation = collision_object.ADD;
std::vector<moveit_msgs::CollisionObject> collision_objects;
collision_objects.push_back(collision_object);
// Now, let's add the collision object into the world
ROS_INFO_NAMED("tutorial", "Add an object into the world");
planning_scene_interface.addCollisionObjects(collision_objects);
// Show text in RViz of status
visual_tools.publishText(text_pose, "Add object", rvt::WHITE, rvt::XLARGE);
visual_tools.trigger();
// Wait for MoveGroup to recieve and process the collision object message
visual_tools.prompt("Press 'next' in the RvizVisualToolsGui window to once the collision object appears in RViz");
// Now when we plan a trajectory it will avoid the obstacle
move_group.setStartState(*move_group.getCurrentState());
geometry_msgs::Pose another_pose;
another_pose.orientation.w = 1.0;
another_pose.position.x = 0.4;
another_pose.position.y = -0.4;
another_pose.position.z = 0.9;
move_group.setPoseTarget(another_pose);
success = (move_group.plan(my_plan) == moveit::planning_interface::MoveItErrorCode::SUCCESS);
ROS_INFO_NAMED("tutorial", "Visualizing plan 5 (pose goal move around cuboid) %s", success ? "" : "FAILED");
// Visualize the plan in RViz
visual_tools.deleteAllMarkers();
visual_tools.publishText(text_pose, "Obstacle Goal", rvt::WHITE, rvt::XLARGE);
visual_tools.publishTrajectoryLine(my_plan.trajectory_, joint_model_group);
visual_tools.trigger();
visual_tools.prompt("next step");
// Now, let's attach the collision object to the robot.
ROS_INFO_NAMED("tutorial", "Attach the object to the robot");
move_group.attachObject(collision_object.id);
// Show text in RViz of status
visual_tools.publishText(text_pose, "Object attached to robot", rvt::WHITE, rvt::XLARGE);
visual_tools.trigger();
/* Wait for MoveGroup to recieve and process the attached collision object message */
visual_tools.prompt("Press 'next' in the RvizVisualToolsGui window to once the collision object attaches to the "
"robot");
// Now, let's detach the collision object from the robot.
ROS_INFO_NAMED("tutorial", "Detach the object from the robot");
move_group.detachObject(collision_object.id);
// Show text in RViz of status
visual_tools.publishText(text_pose, "Object dettached from robot", rvt::WHITE, rvt::XLARGE);
visual_tools.trigger();
/* Wait for MoveGroup to recieve and process the attached collision object message */
visual_tools.prompt("Press 'next' in the RvizVisualToolsGui window to once the collision object detaches to the "
"robot");
// Now, let's remove the collision object from the world.
ROS_INFO_NAMED("tutorial", "Remove the object from the world");
std::vector<std::string> object_ids;
object_ids.push_back(collision_object.id);
planning_scene_interface.removeCollisionObjects(object_ids);
// Show text in RViz of status
visual_tools.publishText(text_pose, "Object removed", rvt::WHITE, rvt::XLARGE);
visual_tools.trigger();
/* Wait for MoveGroup to recieve and process the attached collision object message */
visual_tools.prompt("Press 'next' in the RvizVisualToolsGui window to once the collision object disapears");
// END_TUTORIAL
ros::shutdown();
return 0;
}