ROS2 tf2 Cheetsheet

Introducing tf2

sudo apt-get install ros-foxy-turtle-tf2-py ros-foxy-tf2-tools ros-foxy-tf-transformations

ros2 launch turtle_tf2_py turtle_tf2_demo.launch.py

ros2 run turtlesim turtle_teleop_key

ros2 run tf2_tools view_frames.py

ros2 run tf2_ros tf2_echo turtle2 turtle1

ros2 run rviz2 rviz2 -d $(ros2 pkg prefix –share turtle_tf2_py)/rviz/turtle_rviz.rviz

Writing a static broadcaster (Python)

ros2 pkg create –build-type ament_python learning_tf2_py

# Copyright 2021 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

import math
import sys

from geometry_msgs.msg import TransformStamped

import numpy as np

import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node

from tf2_ros.static_transform_broadcaster import StaticTransformBroadcaster


# This function is a stripped down version of the code in
# https://github.com/matthew-brett/transforms3d/blob/f185e866ecccb66c545559bc9f2e19cb5025e0ab/transforms3d/euler.py
# Besides simplifying it, this version also inverts the order to return x,y,z,w, which is
# the way that ROS prefers it.
def quaternion_from_euler(ai, aj, ak):
    ai /= 2.0
    aj /= 2.0
    ak /= 2.0
    ci = math.cos(ai)
    si = math.sin(ai)
    cj = math.cos(aj)
    sj = math.sin(aj)
    ck = math.cos(ak)
    sk = math.sin(ak)
    cc = ci*ck
    cs = ci*sk
    sc = si*ck
    ss = si*sk

    q = np.empty((4, ))
    q[0] = cj*sc - sj*cs
    q[1] = cj*ss + sj*cc
    q[2] = cj*cs - sj*sc
    q[3] = cj*cc + sj*ss

    return q


class StaticFramePublisher(Node):
    """
    Broadcast transforms that never change.

    This example publishes transforms from `world` to a static turtle frame.
    The transforms are only published once at startup, and are constant for all
    time.
    """

    def __init__(self, transformation):
        super().__init__('static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster')

        self.tf_static_broadcaster = StaticTransformBroadcaster(self)

        # Publish static transforms once at startup
        self.make_transforms(transformation)

    def make_transforms(self, transformation):
        t = TransformStamped()

        t.header.stamp = self.get_clock().now().to_msg()
        t.header.frame_id = 'world'
        t.child_frame_id = transformation[1]

        t.transform.translation.x = float(transformation[2])
        t.transform.translation.y = float(transformation[3])
        t.transform.translation.z = float(transformation[4])
        quat = quaternion_from_euler(
            float(transformation[5]), float(transformation[6]), float(transformation[7]))
        t.transform.rotation.x = quat[0]
        t.transform.rotation.y = quat[1]
        t.transform.rotation.z = quat[2]
        t.transform.rotation.w = quat[3]

        self.tf_static_broadcaster.sendTransform(t)


def main():
    logger = rclpy.logging.get_logger('logger')

    # obtain parameters from command line arguments
    if len(sys.argv) != 8:
        logger.info('Invalid number of parameters. Usage: \n'
                    '$ ros2 run turtle_tf2_py static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster'
                    'child_frame_name x y z roll pitch yaw')
        sys.exit(1)

    if sys.argv[1] == 'world':
        logger.info('Your static turtle name cannot be "world"')
        sys.exit(2)

    # pass parameters and initialize node
    rclpy.init()
    node = StaticFramePublisher(sys.argv)
    try:
        rclpy.spin(node)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pass

    rclpy.shutdown()

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-model href="http://download.ros.org/schema/package_format3.xsd" schematypens="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"?>
<package format="3">
  <name>learning_tf2_py</name>
  <version>0.0.0</version>
  <description>Learning tf2 with rclpy</description>
  <maintainer email="[email protected]">shiming</maintainer>
  <license>Apache License 2.0</license>

  <exec_depend>geometry_msgs</exec_depend>
  <exec_depend>python3-numpy</exec_depend>
  <exec_depend>rclpy</exec_depend>
  <exec_depend>tf2_ros</exec_depend>
  <exec_depend>turtlesim</exec_depend>

  <test_depend>ament_copyright</test_depend>
  <test_depend>ament_flake8</test_depend>
  <test_depend>ament_pep257</test_depend>
  <test_depend>python3-pytest</test_depend>

  <export>
    <build_type>ament_python</build_type>
  </export>
</package>

from setuptools import setup

package_name = 'learning_tf2_py'

setup(
    name=package_name,
    version='0.0.0',
    packages=[package_name],
    data_files=[
        ('share/ament_index/resource_index/packages',
            ['resource/' + package_name]),
        ('share/' + package_name, ['package.xml']),
    ],
    install_requires=['setuptools'],
    zip_safe=True,
    maintainer='shiming',
    maintainer_email='[email protected]',
    description='Learning tf2 with rclpy',
    license='Apache License 2.0',
    tests_require=['pytest'],
    entry_points={
        'console_scripts': [
            'static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster = learning_tf2_py.static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster:main',
        ],
    },
)

ros2 run tf2_ros static_transform_publisher x y z yaw pitch roll frame_id child_frame_id

ros2 run tf2_ros static_transform_publisher x y z qx qy qz qw frame_id child_frame_id

from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch_ros.actions import Node

def generate_launch_description():
    return LaunchDescription([
        Node(
            package='tf2_ros',
            executable='static_transform_publisher',
            arguments = ['0', '0', '1', '0', '0', '0', 'world', 'mystaticturtle']
        ),
    ])

Writing a static broadcaster (C++)

ros2 pkg create –build-type ament_cmake –dependencies geometry_msgs rclcpp tf2 tf2_ros turtlesim — learning_tf2_cpp

// Copyright 2021 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

#include <memory>

#include "geometry_msgs/msg/transform_stamped.hpp"
#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
#include "tf2/LinearMath/Quaternion.h"
#include "tf2_ros/static_transform_broadcaster.h"

class StaticFramePublisher : public rclcpp::Node
{
public:
  explicit StaticFramePublisher(char * transformation[])
  : Node("static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster")
  {
    tf_static_broadcaster_ = std::make_shared<tf2_ros::StaticTransformBroadcaster>(this);

    // Publish static transforms once at startup
    this->make_transforms(transformation);
  }

private:
  void make_transforms(char * transformation[])
  {
    geometry_msgs::msg::TransformStamped t;

    t.header.stamp = this->get_clock()->now();
    t.header.frame_id = "world";
    t.child_frame_id = transformation[1];

    t.transform.translation.x = atof(transformation[2]);
    t.transform.translation.y = atof(transformation[3]);
    t.transform.translation.z = atof(transformation[4]);
    tf2::Quaternion q;
    q.setRPY(
      atof(transformation[5]),
      atof(transformation[6]),
      atof(transformation[7]));
    t.transform.rotation.x = q.x();
    t.transform.rotation.y = q.y();
    t.transform.rotation.z = q.z();
    t.transform.rotation.w = q.w();

    tf_static_broadcaster_->sendTransform(t);
  }

  std::shared_ptr<tf2_ros::StaticTransformBroadcaster> tf_static_broadcaster_;
};

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
  auto logger = rclcpp::get_logger("logger");

  // Obtain parameters from command line arguments
  if (argc != 8) {
    RCLCPP_INFO(
      logger, "Invalid number of parameters\nusage: "
      "$ ros2 run learning_tf2_cpp static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster "
      "child_frame_name x y z roll pitch yaw");
    return 1;
  }

  // As the parent frame of the transform is `world`, it is
  // necessary to check that the frame name passed is different
  if (strcmp(argv[1], "world") == 0) {
    RCLCPP_INFO(logger, "Your static turtle name cannot be 'world'");
    return 2;
  }

  // Pass parameters and initialize node
  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);
  rclcpp::spin(std::make_shared<StaticFramePublisher>(argv));
  rclcpp::shutdown();
  return 0;
}

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-model href="http://download.ros.org/schema/package_format3.xsd" schematypens="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"?>
<package format="3">
  <name>learning_tf2_cpp</name>
  <version>0.0.0</version>
  <description>Learning tf2 with rclcpp</description>
  <maintainer email="[email protected]">shiming</maintainer>
  <license>Apache License 2.0</license>

  <buildtool_depend>ament_cmake</buildtool_depend>

  <depend>geometry_msgs</depend>
  <depend>rclcpp</depend>
  <depend>tf2</depend>
  <depend>tf2_ros</depend>
  <depend>turtlesim</depend>

  <test_depend>ament_lint_auto</test_depend>
  <test_depend>ament_lint_common</test_depend>

  <export>
    <build_type>ament_cmake</build_type>
  </export>
</package>

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
project(learning_tf2_cpp)

# Default to C99
if(NOT CMAKE_C_STANDARD)
  set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)
endif()

# Default to C++14
if(NOT CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD)
  set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
endif()

if(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
  add_compile_options(-Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic)
endif()

# find dependencies
find_package(ament_cmake REQUIRED)
find_package(geometry_msgs REQUIRED)
find_package(rclcpp REQUIRED)
find_package(tf2 REQUIRED)
find_package(tf2_ros REQUIRED)
find_package(turtlesim REQUIRED)

add_executable(static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster src/static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(
   static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster
   geometry_msgs
   rclcpp
   tf2
   tf2_ros
)

install(TARGETS
   static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster
   DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME})

if(BUILD_TESTING)
  find_package(ament_lint_auto REQUIRED)
  # the following line skips the linter which checks for copyrights
  # uncomment the line when a copyright and license is not present in all source files
  #set(ament_cmake_copyright_FOUND TRUE)
  # the following line skips cpplint (only works in a git repo)
  # uncomment the line when this package is not in a git repo
  #set(ament_cmake_cpplint_FOUND TRUE)
  ament_lint_auto_find_test_dependencies()
endif()

ament_package()

Writing a broadcaster (Python)

# Copyright 2021 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

import math

from geometry_msgs.msg import TransformStamped

import numpy as np

import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node

from tf2_ros import TransformBroadcaster

from turtlesim.msg import Pose


# This function is a stripped down version of the code in
# https://github.com/matthew-brett/transforms3d/blob/f185e866ecccb66c545559bc9f2e19cb5025e0ab/transforms3d/euler.py
# Besides simplifying it, this version also inverts the order to return x,y,z,w, which is
# the way that ROS prefers it.
def quaternion_from_euler(ai, aj, ak):
    ai /= 2.0
    aj /= 2.0
    ak /= 2.0
    ci = math.cos(ai)
    si = math.sin(ai)
    cj = math.cos(aj)
    sj = math.sin(aj)
    ck = math.cos(ak)
    sk = math.sin(ak)
    cc = ci*ck
    cs = ci*sk
    sc = si*ck
    ss = si*sk

    q = np.empty((4, ))
    q[0] = cj*sc - sj*cs
    q[1] = cj*ss + sj*cc
    q[2] = cj*cs - sj*sc
    q[3] = cj*cc + sj*ss

    return q


class FramePublisher(Node):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__('turtle_tf2_frame_publisher')

        # Declare and acquire `turtlename` parameter
        self.turtlename = self.declare_parameter(
            'turtlename', 'turtle').get_parameter_value().string_value

        # Initialize the transform broadcaster
        self.tf_broadcaster = TransformBroadcaster(self)

        # Subscribe to a turtle{1}{2}/pose topic and call handle_turtle_pose
        # callback function on each message
        self.subscription = self.create_subscription(
            Pose,
            f'/{self.turtlename}/pose',
            self.handle_turtle_pose,
            1)
        self.subscription  # prevent unused variable warning

    def handle_turtle_pose(self, msg):
        t = TransformStamped()

        # Read message content and assign it to
        # corresponding tf variables
        t.header.stamp = self.get_clock().now().to_msg()
        t.header.frame_id = 'world'
        t.child_frame_id = self.turtlename

        # Turtle only exists in 2D, thus we get x and y translation
        # coordinates from the message and set the z coordinate to 0
        t.transform.translation.x = msg.x
        t.transform.translation.y = msg.y
        t.transform.translation.z = 0.0

        # For the same reason, turtle can only rotate around one axis
        # and this why we set rotation in x and y to 0 and obtain
        # rotation in z axis from the message
        q = quaternion_from_euler(0, 0, msg.theta)
        t.transform.rotation.x = q[0]
        t.transform.rotation.y = q[1]
        t.transform.rotation.z = q[2]
        t.transform.rotation.w = q[3]

        # Send the transformation
        self.tf_broadcaster.sendTransform(t)


def main():
    rclpy.init()
    node = FramePublisher()
    try:
        rclpy.spin(node)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pass

    rclpy.shutdown()

import os
from glob import glob
from setuptools import setup

package_name = 'learning_tf2_py'

setup(
    name=package_name,
    version='0.0.0',
    packages=[package_name],
    data_files=[
        ('share/ament_index/resource_index/packages',
            ['resource/' + package_name]),
        ('share/' + package_name, ['package.xml']),
        (os.path.join('share', package_name, 'launch'), glob(os.path.join('launch', '*launch.[pxy][yma]*'))),
    ],
    install_requires=['setuptools'],
    zip_safe=True,
    maintainer='shiming',
    maintainer_email='[email protected]',
    description='Learning tf2 with rclpy',
    license='Apache License 2.0',
    tests_require=['pytest'],
    entry_points={
        'console_scripts': [
            'static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster = learning_tf2_py.static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster:main',
            'turtle_tf2_broadcaster = learning_tf2_py.turtle_tf2_broadcaster:main',
        ],
    },
)

learning_tf2_py
0.0.0
Learning tf2 with rclpy
shiming
Apache License 2.0

geometry_msgs
python3-numpy
rclpy
tf2_ros
turtlesim
launch
launch_ros

ament_copyright
ament_flake8
ament_pep257
python3-pytest

ament_python

from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch_ros.actions import Node


def generate_launch_description():
    return LaunchDescription([
        Node(
            package='turtlesim',
            executable='turtlesim_node',
            name='sim'
        ),
        Node(
            package='learning_tf2_py',
            executable='turtle_tf2_broadcaster',
            name='broadcaster1',
            parameters=[
                {'turtlename': 'turtle1'}
            ]
        ),
    ])

Writing a broadcaster (C++)

// Copyright 2021 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

#include <functional>
#include <memory>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>

#include "geometry_msgs/msg/transform_stamped.hpp"
#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
#include "tf2/LinearMath/Quaternion.h"
#include "tf2_ros/transform_broadcaster.h"
#include "turtlesim/msg/pose.hpp"

class FramePublisher : public rclcpp::Node
{
public:
  FramePublisher()
  : Node("turtle_tf2_frame_publisher")
  {
    // Declare and acquire `turtlename` parameter
    turtlename_ = this->declare_parameter<std::string>("turtlename", "turtle");

    // Initialize the transform broadcaster
    tf_broadcaster_ =
      std::make_unique<tf2_ros::TransformBroadcaster>(*this);

    // Subscribe to a turtle{1}{2}/pose topic and call handle_turtle_pose
    // callback function on each message
    std::ostringstream stream;
    stream << "/" << turtlename_.c_str() << "/pose";
    std::string topic_name = stream.str();

    auto handle_turtle_pose = [this](const std::shared_ptr<turtlesim::msg::Pose> msg) {
        geometry_msgs::msg::TransformStamped t;

        // Read message content and assign it to
        // corresponding tf variables
        t.header.stamp = this->get_clock()->now();
        t.header.frame_id = "world";
        t.child_frame_id = turtlename_.c_str();

        // Turtle only exists in 2D, thus we get x and y translation
        // coordinates from the message and set the z coordinate to 0
        t.transform.translation.x = msg->x;
        t.transform.translation.y = msg->y;
        t.transform.translation.z = 0.0;

        // For the same reason, turtle can only rotate around one axis
        // and this why we set rotation in x and y to 0 and obtain
        // rotation in z axis from the message
        tf2::Quaternion q;
        q.setRPY(0, 0, msg->theta);
        t.transform.rotation.x = q.x();
        t.transform.rotation.y = q.y();
        t.transform.rotation.z = q.z();
        t.transform.rotation.w = q.w();

        // Send the transformation
        tf_broadcaster_->sendTransform(t);
      };
    subscription_ = this->create_subscription<turtlesim::msg::Pose>(
      topic_name, 10,
      handle_turtle_pose);
  }

private:
  rclcpp::Subscription<turtlesim::msg::Pose>::SharedPtr subscription_;
  std::unique_ptr<tf2_ros::TransformBroadcaster> tf_broadcaster_;
  std::string turtlename_;
};

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);
  rclcpp::spin(std::make_shared<FramePublisher>());
  rclcpp::shutdown();
  return 0;
}

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
project(learning_tf2_cpp)

# Default to C99
if(NOT CMAKE_C_STANDARD)
  set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)
endif()

# Default to C++14
if(NOT CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD)
  set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
endif()

if(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
  add_compile_options(-Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic)
endif()

# find dependencies
find_package(ament_cmake REQUIRED)
find_package(geometry_msgs REQUIRED)
find_package(rclcpp REQUIRED)
find_package(tf2 REQUIRED)
find_package(tf2_ros REQUIRED)
find_package(turtlesim REQUIRED)

add_executable(static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster src/static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(
   static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster
   geometry_msgs
   rclcpp
   tf2
   tf2_ros
)

install(TARGETS
   static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster
   DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME})

add_executable(turtle_tf2_broadcaster src/turtle_tf2_broadcaster.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(
    turtle_tf2_broadcaster
    geometry_msgs
    rclcpp
    tf2
    tf2_ros
    turtlesim
)

install(TARGETS
    turtle_tf2_broadcaster
    DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME})

install(DIRECTORY launch
  DESTINATION share/${PROJECT_NAME})

if(BUILD_TESTING)
  find_package(ament_lint_auto REQUIRED)
  # the following line skips the linter which checks for copyrights
  # uncomment the line when a copyright and license is not present in all source files
  #set(ament_cmake_copyright_FOUND TRUE)
  # the following line skips cpplint (only works in a git repo)
  # uncomment the line when this package is not in a git repo
  #set(ament_cmake_cpplint_FOUND TRUE)
  ament_lint_auto_find_test_dependencies()
endif()

ament_package()

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-model href="http://download.ros.org/schema/package_format3.xsd" schematypens="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"?>
<package format="3">
  <name>learning_tf2_cpp</name>
  <version>0.0.0</version>
  <description>Learning tf2 with rclcpp</description>
  <maintainer email="[email protected]">shiming</maintainer>
  <license>Apache License 2.0</license>

  <buildtool_depend>ament_cmake</buildtool_depend>

  <depend>geometry_msgs</depend>
  <depend>rclcpp</depend>
  <depend>tf2</depend>
  <depend>tf2_ros</depend>
  <depend>turtlesim</depend>

  <exec_depend>launch</exec_depend>
  <exec_depend>launch_ros</exec_depend>

  <test_depend>ament_lint_auto</test_depend>
  <test_depend>ament_lint_common</test_depend>

  <export>
    <build_type>ament_cmake</build_type>
  </export>
</package>

from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch_ros.actions import Node


def generate_launch_description():
    return LaunchDescription([
        Node(
            package='turtlesim',
            executable='turtlesim_node',
            name='sim'
        ),
        Node(
            package='learning_tf2_cpp',
            executable='turtle_tf2_broadcaster',
            name='broadcaster1',
            parameters=[
                {'turtlename': 'turtle1'}
            ]
        ),
    ])

Writing a listener (Python)

# Copyright 2021 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

import math

from geometry_msgs.msg import Twist

import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node

from tf2_ros import TransformException
from tf2_ros.buffer import Buffer
from tf2_ros.transform_listener import TransformListener

from turtlesim.srv import Spawn


class FrameListener(Node):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__('turtle_tf2_frame_listener')

        # Declare and acquire `target_frame` parameter
        self.target_frame = self.declare_parameter(
            'target_frame', 'turtle1').get_parameter_value().string_value

        self.tf_buffer = Buffer()
        self.tf_listener = TransformListener(self.tf_buffer, self)

        # Create a client to spawn a turtle
        self.spawner = self.create_client(Spawn, 'spawn')
        # Boolean values to store the information
        # if the service for spawning turtle is available
        self.turtle_spawning_service_ready = False
        # if the turtle was successfully spawned
        self.turtle_spawned = False

        # Create turtle2 velocity publisher
        self.publisher = self.create_publisher(Twist, 'turtle2/cmd_vel', 1)

        # Call on_timer function every second
        self.timer = self.create_timer(1.0, self.on_timer)

    def on_timer(self):
        # Store frame names in variables that will be used to
        # compute transformations
        from_frame_rel = self.target_frame
        to_frame_rel = 'turtle2'

        if self.turtle_spawning_service_ready:
            if self.turtle_spawned:
                # Look up for the transformation between target_frame and turtle2 frames
                # and send velocity commands for turtle2 to reach target_frame
                try:
                    t = self.tf_buffer.lookup_transform(
                        to_frame_rel,
                        from_frame_rel,
                        rclpy.time.Time())
                except TransformException as ex:
                    self.get_logger().info(
                        f'Could not transform {to_frame_rel} to {from_frame_rel}: {ex}')
                    return

                msg = Twist()
                scale_rotation_rate = 1.0
                msg.angular.z = scale_rotation_rate * math.atan2(
                    t.transform.translation.y,
                    t.transform.translation.x)

                scale_forward_speed = 0.5
                msg.linear.x = scale_forward_speed * math.sqrt(
                    t.transform.translation.x ** 2 +
                    t.transform.translation.y ** 2)

                self.publisher.publish(msg)
            else:
                if self.result.done():
                    self.get_logger().info(
                        f'Successfully spawned {self.result.result().name}')
                    self.turtle_spawned = True
                else:
                    self.get_logger().info('Spawn is not finished')
        else:
            if self.spawner.service_is_ready():
                # Initialize request with turtle name and coordinates
                # Note that x, y and theta are defined as floats in turtlesim/srv/Spawn
                request = Spawn.Request()
                request.name = 'turtle2'
                request.x = 4.0
                request.y = 2.0
                request.theta = 0.0
                # Call request
                self.result = self.spawner.call_async(request)
                self.turtle_spawning_service_ready = True
            else:
                # Check if the service is ready
                self.get_logger().info('Service is not ready')


def main():
    rclpy.init()
    node = FrameListener()
    try:
        rclpy.spin(node)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pass

    rclpy.shutdown()

import os
from glob import glob
from setuptools import setup

package_name = 'learning_tf2_py'

setup(
    name=package_name,
    version='0.0.0',
    packages=[package_name],
    data_files=[
        ('share/ament_index/resource_index/packages',
            ['resource/' + package_name]),
        ('share/' + package_name, ['package.xml']),
        (os.path.join('share', package_name, 'launch'), glob(os.path.join('launch', '*launch.[pxy][yma]*'))),
    ],
    install_requires=['setuptools'],
    zip_safe=True,
    maintainer='shiming',
    maintainer_email='[email protected]',
    description='Learning tf2 with rclpy',
    license='Apache License 2.0',
    tests_require=['pytest'],
    entry_points={
        'console_scripts': [
            'static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster = learning_tf2_py.static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster:main',
            'turtle_tf2_broadcaster = learning_tf2_py.turtle_tf2_broadcaster:main',
            'turtle_tf2_listener = learning_tf2_py.turtle_tf2_listener:main',
        ],
    },
)

from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch.actions import DeclareLaunchArgument
from launch.substitutions import LaunchConfiguration

from launch_ros.actions import Node


def generate_launch_description():
    return LaunchDescription([
        Node(
            package='turtlesim',
            executable='turtlesim_node',
            name='sim'
        ),
        Node(
            package='learning_tf2_py',
            executable='turtle_tf2_broadcaster',
            name='broadcaster1',
            parameters=[
                {'turtlename': 'turtle1'}
            ]
        ),
        DeclareLaunchArgument(
            'target_frame', default_value='turtle1',
            description='Target frame name.'
        ),
        Node(
            package='learning_tf2_py',
            executable='turtle_tf2_broadcaster',
            name='broadcaster2',
            parameters=[
                {'turtlename': 'turtle2'}
            ]
        ),
        Node(
            package='learning_tf2_py',
            executable='turtle_tf2_listener',
            name='listener',
            parameters=[
                {'target_frame': LaunchConfiguration('target_frame')}
            ]
        ),
    ])

Writing a listener (C++)

// Copyright 2021 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

#include <chrono>
#include <functional>
#include <memory>
#include <string>

#include "geometry_msgs/msg/transform_stamped.hpp"
#include "geometry_msgs/msg/twist.hpp"
#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
#include "tf2/exceptions.h"
#include "tf2_ros/transform_listener.h"
#include "tf2_ros/buffer.h"
#include "turtlesim/srv/spawn.hpp"

using namespace std::chrono_literals;

class FrameListener : public rclcpp::Node
{
public:
  FrameListener()
  : Node("turtle_tf2_frame_listener"),
    turtle_spawning_service_ready_(false),
    turtle_spawned_(false)
  {
    // Declare and acquire `target_frame` parameter
    target_frame_ = this->declare_parameter<std::string>("target_frame", "turtle1");

    tf_buffer_ =
      std::make_unique<tf2_ros::Buffer>(this->get_clock());
    tf_listener_ =
      std::make_shared<tf2_ros::TransformListener>(*tf_buffer_);

    // Create a client to spawn a turtle
    spawner_ =
      this->create_client<turtlesim::srv::Spawn>("spawn");

    // Create turtle2 velocity publisher
    publisher_ =
      this->create_publisher<geometry_msgs::msg::Twist>("turtle2/cmd_vel", 1);

    // Call on_timer function every second
    timer_ = this->create_wall_timer(
      1s, [this]() {return this->on_timer();});
  }

private:
  void on_timer()
  {
    // Store frame names in variables that will be used to
    // compute transformations
    std::string fromFrameRel = target_frame_.c_str();
    std::string toFrameRel = "turtle2";

    if (turtle_spawning_service_ready_) {
      if (turtle_spawned_) {
        geometry_msgs::msg::TransformStamped t;

        // Look up for the transformation between target_frame and turtle2 frames
        // and send velocity commands for turtle2 to reach target_frame
        try {
          t = tf_buffer_->lookupTransform(
            toFrameRel, fromFrameRel,
            tf2::TimePointZero);
        } catch (const tf2::TransformException & ex) {
          RCLCPP_INFO(
            this->get_logger(), "Could not transform %s to %s: %s",
            toFrameRel.c_str(), fromFrameRel.c_str(), ex.what());
          return;
        }

        geometry_msgs::msg::Twist msg;

        static const double scaleRotationRate = 1.0;
        msg.angular.z = scaleRotationRate * atan2(
          t.transform.translation.y,
          t.transform.translation.x);

        static const double scaleForwardSpeed = 0.5;
        msg.linear.x = scaleForwardSpeed * sqrt(
          pow(t.transform.translation.x, 2) +
          pow(t.transform.translation.y, 2));

        publisher_->publish(msg);
      } else {
        RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "Successfully spawned");
        turtle_spawned_ = true;
      }
    } else {
      // Check if the service is ready
      if (spawner_->service_is_ready()) {
        // Initialize request with turtle name and coordinates
        // Note that x, y and theta are defined as floats in turtlesim/srv/Spawn
        auto request = std::make_shared<turtlesim::srv::Spawn::Request>();
        request->x = 4.0;
        request->y = 2.0;
        request->theta = 0.0;
        request->name = "turtle2";

        // Call request
        using ServiceResponseFuture =
          rclcpp::Client<turtlesim::srv::Spawn>::SharedFuture;
        auto response_received_callback = [this](ServiceResponseFuture future) {
            auto result = future.get();
            if (strcmp(result->name.c_str(), "turtle2") == 0) {
              turtle_spawning_service_ready_ = true;
            } else {
              RCLCPP_ERROR(this->get_logger(), "Service callback result mismatch");
            }
          };
        auto result = spawner_->async_send_request(request, response_received_callback);
      } else {
        RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "Service is not ready");
      }
    }
  }

  // Boolean values to store the information
  // if the service for spawning turtle is available
  bool turtle_spawning_service_ready_;
  // if the turtle was successfully spawned
  bool turtle_spawned_;
  rclcpp::Client<turtlesim::srv::Spawn>::SharedPtr spawner_{nullptr};
  rclcpp::TimerBase::SharedPtr timer_{nullptr};
  rclcpp::Publisher<geometry_msgs::msg::Twist>::SharedPtr publisher_{nullptr};
  std::shared_ptr<tf2_ros::TransformListener> tf_listener_{nullptr};
  std::unique_ptr<tf2_ros::Buffer> tf_buffer_;
  std::string target_frame_;
};

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);
  rclcpp::spin(std::make_shared<FrameListener>());
  rclcpp::shutdown();
  return 0;
}

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
project(learning_tf2_cpp)

# Default to C99
if(NOT CMAKE_C_STANDARD)
  set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)
endif()

# Default to C++14
if(NOT CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD)
  set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
endif()

if(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
  add_compile_options(-Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic)
endif()

# find dependencies
find_package(ament_cmake REQUIRED)
find_package(geometry_msgs REQUIRED)
find_package(rclcpp REQUIRED)
find_package(tf2 REQUIRED)
find_package(tf2_ros REQUIRED)
find_package(turtlesim REQUIRED)

add_executable(static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster src/static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(
   static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster
   geometry_msgs
   rclcpp
   tf2
   tf2_ros
)

install(TARGETS
   static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster
   DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME})

add_executable(turtle_tf2_broadcaster src/turtle_tf2_broadcaster.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(
    turtle_tf2_broadcaster
    geometry_msgs
    rclcpp
    tf2
    tf2_ros
    turtlesim
)

install(TARGETS
    turtle_tf2_broadcaster
    DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME})

add_executable(turtle_tf2_listener src/turtle_tf2_listener.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(
    turtle_tf2_listener
    geometry_msgs
    rclcpp
    tf2
    tf2_ros
    turtlesim
)

install(TARGETS
    turtle_tf2_listener
    DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME})

install(DIRECTORY launch
  DESTINATION share/${PROJECT_NAME})

if(BUILD_TESTING)
  find_package(ament_lint_auto REQUIRED)
  # the following line skips the linter which checks for copyrights
  # uncomment the line when a copyright and license is not present in all source files
  #set(ament_cmake_copyright_FOUND TRUE)
  # the following line skips cpplint (only works in a git repo)
  # uncomment the line when this package is not in a git repo
  #set(ament_cmake_cpplint_FOUND TRUE)
  ament_lint_auto_find_test_dependencies()
endif()

ament_package()

from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch.actions import DeclareLaunchArgument
from launch.substitutions import LaunchConfiguration

from launch_ros.actions import Node


def generate_launch_description():
    return LaunchDescription([
        Node(
            package='turtlesim',
            executable='turtlesim_node',
            name='sim'
        ),
        Node(
            package='learning_tf2_cpp',
            executable='turtle_tf2_broadcaster',
            name='broadcaster1',
            parameters=[
                {'turtlename': 'turtle1'}
            ]
        ),
        DeclareLaunchArgument(
            'target_frame', default_value='turtle1',
            description='Target frame name.'
        ),
        Node(
            package='learning_tf2_cpp',
            executable='turtle_tf2_broadcaster',
            name='broadcaster2',
            parameters=[
                {'turtlename': 'turtle2'}
            ]
        ),
        Node(
            package='learning_tf2_cpp',
            executable='turtle_tf2_listener',
            name='listener',
            parameters=[
                {'target_frame': LaunchConfiguration('target_frame')}
            ]
        ),
    ])

Adding a frame (Python)

# Copyright 2021 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

from geometry_msgs.msg import TransformStamped

import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node

from tf2_ros import TransformBroadcaster


class FixedFrameBroadcaster(Node):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__('fixed_frame_tf2_broadcaster')
        self.tf_broadcaster = TransformBroadcaster(self)
        self.timer = self.create_timer(0.1, self.broadcast_timer_callback)

    def broadcast_timer_callback(self):
        t = TransformStamped()

        t.header.stamp = self.get_clock().now().to_msg()
        t.header.frame_id = 'turtle1'
        t.child_frame_id = 'carrot1'
        t.transform.translation.x = 0.0
        t.transform.translation.y = 2.0
        t.transform.translation.z = 0.0
        t.transform.rotation.x = 0.0
        t.transform.rotation.y = 0.0
        t.transform.rotation.z = 0.0
        t.transform.rotation.w = 1.0

        self.tf_broadcaster.sendTransform(t)


def main():
    rclpy.init()
    node = FixedFrameBroadcaster()
    try:
        rclpy.spin(node)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pass

    rclpy.shutdown()

import os

from ament_index_python.packages import get_package_share_directory

from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch.actions import IncludeLaunchDescription
from launch.launch_description_sources import PythonLaunchDescriptionSource

from launch_ros.actions import Node


def generate_launch_description():
    demo_nodes = IncludeLaunchDescription(
        PythonLaunchDescriptionSource([os.path.join(
            get_package_share_directory('learning_tf2_py'), 'launch'),
            '/turtle_tf2_demo.launch.py']),
        )

    return LaunchDescription([
        demo_nodes,
        Node(
            package='learning_tf2_py',
            executable='fixed_frame_tf2_broadcaster',
            name='fixed_broadcaster',
        ),
    ])

ros2 launch learning_tf2_py turtle_tf2_fixed_frame_demo.launch.py

ros2 launch learning_tf2_py turtle_tf2_fixed_frame_demo.launch.py target_frame:=carrot1

# Copyright 2021 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

import math

from geometry_msgs.msg import TransformStamped

import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node

from tf2_ros import TransformBroadcaster


class DynamicFrameBroadcaster(Node):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__('dynamic_frame_tf2_broadcaster')
        self.tf_broadcaster = TransformBroadcaster(self)
        self.timer = self.create_timer(0.1, self.broadcast_timer_callback)

    def broadcast_timer_callback(self):
        seconds, _ = self.get_clock().now().seconds_nanoseconds()
        x = seconds * math.pi

        t = TransformStamped()
        t.header.stamp = self.get_clock().now().to_msg()
        t.header.frame_id = 'turtle1'
        t.child_frame_id = 'carrot1'
        t.transform.translation.x = 10 * math.sin(x)
        t.transform.translation.y = 10 * math.cos(x)
        t.transform.translation.z = 0.0
        t.transform.rotation.x = 0.0
        t.transform.rotation.y = 0.0
        t.transform.rotation.z = 0.0
        t.transform.rotation.w = 1.0

        self.tf_broadcaster.sendTransform(t)


def main():
    rclpy.init()
    node = DynamicFrameBroadcaster()
    try:
        rclpy.spin(node)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pass

    rclpy.shutdown()

import os

from ament_index_python.packages import get_package_share_directory

from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch.actions import IncludeLaunchDescription
from launch.launch_description_sources import PythonLaunchDescriptionSource

from launch_ros.actions import Node


def generate_launch_description():
    demo_nodes = IncludeLaunchDescription(
        PythonLaunchDescriptionSource([os.path.join(
            get_package_share_directory('learning_tf2_py'), 'launch'),
            '/turtle_tf2_demo.launch.py']),
       launch_arguments={'target_frame': 'carrot1'}.items(),
       )

    return LaunchDescription([
        demo_nodes,
        Node(
            package='learning_tf2_py',
            executable='dynamic_frame_tf2_broadcaster',
            name='dynamic_broadcaster',
        ),
    ])

import os
from glob import glob
from setuptools import setup

package_name = 'learning_tf2_py'

setup(
    name=package_name,
    version='0.0.0',
    packages=[package_name],
    data_files=[
        ('share/ament_index/resource_index/packages',
            ['resource/' + package_name]),
        ('share/' + package_name, ['package.xml']),
        (os.path.join('share', package_name, 'launch'), glob(os.path.join('launch', '*launch.[pxy][yma]*'))),
    ],
    install_requires=['setuptools'],
    zip_safe=True,
    maintainer='shiming',
    maintainer_email='[email protected]',
    description='Learning tf2 with rclpy',
    license='Apache License 2.0',
    tests_require=['pytest'],
    entry_points={
        'console_scripts': [
            'static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster = learning_tf2_py.static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster:main',
            'turtle_tf2_broadcaster = learning_tf2_py.turtle_tf2_broadcaster:main',
            'turtle_tf2_listener = learning_tf2_py.turtle_tf2_listener:main',
            'fixed_frame_tf2_broadcaster = learning_tf2_py.fixed_frame_tf2_broadcaster:main',
            'dynamic_frame_tf2_broadcaster = learning_tf2_py.dynamic_frame_tf2_broadcaster:main',
        ],
    },
)

ros2 launch learning_tf2_py turtle_tf2_dynamic_frame_demo.launch.py

Adding a frame (C++)

// Copyright 2021 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

#include <chrono>
#include <functional>
#include <memory>

#include "geometry_msgs/msg/transform_stamped.hpp"
#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
#include "tf2_ros/transform_broadcaster.h"

using namespace std::chrono_literals;

class FixedFrameBroadcaster : public rclcpp::Node
{
public:
  FixedFrameBroadcaster()
  : Node("fixed_frame_tf2_broadcaster")
  {
    tf_broadcaster_ = std::make_shared<tf2_ros::TransformBroadcaster>(this);
    timer_ = this->create_wall_timer(
      100ms, std::bind(&FixedFrameBroadcaster::broadcast_timer_callback, this));
  }

private:
  void broadcast_timer_callback()
  {
    geometry_msgs::msg::TransformStamped t;

    t.header.stamp = this->get_clock()->now();
    t.header.frame_id = "turtle1";
    t.child_frame_id = "carrot1";
    t.transform.translation.x = 0.0;
    t.transform.translation.y = 2.0;
    t.transform.translation.z = 0.0;
    t.transform.rotation.x = 0.0;
    t.transform.rotation.y = 0.0;
    t.transform.rotation.z = 0.0;
    t.transform.rotation.w = 1.0;

    tf_broadcaster_->sendTransform(t);
  }

  rclcpp::TimerBase::SharedPtr timer_;
  std::shared_ptr<tf2_ros::TransformBroadcaster> tf_broadcaster_;
};

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);
  rclcpp::spin(std::make_shared<FixedFrameBroadcaster>());
  rclcpp::shutdown();
  return 0;
}

import os

from ament_index_python.packages import get_package_share_directory

from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch.actions import IncludeLaunchDescription
from launch.launch_description_sources import PythonLaunchDescriptionSource

from launch_ros.actions import Node


def generate_launch_description():
    demo_nodes = IncludeLaunchDescription(
        PythonLaunchDescriptionSource([os.path.join(
            get_package_share_directory('learning_tf2_cpp'), 'launch'),
            '/turtle_tf2_demo.launch.py']),
        )

    return LaunchDescription([
        demo_nodes,
        Node(
            package='learning_tf2_cpp',
            executable='fixed_frame_tf2_broadcaster',
            name='fixed_broadcaster',
        ),
    ])

// Copyright 2021 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

#include <chrono>
#include <functional>
#include <memory>

#include "geometry_msgs/msg/transform_stamped.hpp"
#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
#include "tf2_ros/transform_broadcaster.h"

using namespace std::chrono_literals;

const double PI = 3.141592653589793238463;

class DynamicFrameBroadcaster : public rclcpp::Node
{
public:
  DynamicFrameBroadcaster()
  : Node("dynamic_frame_tf2_broadcaster")
  {
    tf_broadcaster_ = std::make_shared<tf2_ros::TransformBroadcaster>(this);
    timer_ = this->create_wall_timer(
      100ms, std::bind(&DynamicFrameBroadcaster::broadcast_timer_callback, this));
  }

private:
  void broadcast_timer_callback()
  {
    rclcpp::Time now = this->get_clock()->now();
    double x = now.seconds() * PI;

    geometry_msgs::msg::TransformStamped t;
    t.header.stamp = now;
    t.header.frame_id = "turtle1";
    t.child_frame_id = "carrot1";
    t.transform.translation.x = 10 * sin(x);
    t.transform.translation.y = 10 * cos(x);
    t.transform.translation.z = 0.0;
    t.transform.rotation.x = 0.0;
    t.transform.rotation.y = 0.0;
    t.transform.rotation.z = 0.0;
    t.transform.rotation.w = 1.0;

    tf_broadcaster_->sendTransform(t);
  }

  rclcpp::TimerBase::SharedPtr timer_;
  std::shared_ptr<tf2_ros::TransformBroadcaster> tf_broadcaster_;
};

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);
  rclcpp::spin(std::make_shared<DynamicFrameBroadcaster>());
  rclcpp::shutdown();
  return 0;
}

import os

from ament_index_python.packages import get_package_share_directory

from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch.actions import IncludeLaunchDescription
from launch.launch_description_sources import PythonLaunchDescriptionSource

from launch_ros.actions import Node


def generate_launch_description():
    demo_nodes = IncludeLaunchDescription(
        PythonLaunchDescriptionSource([os.path.join(
            get_package_share_directory('learning_tf2_cpp'), 'launch'),
            '/turtle_tf2_demo.launch.py']),
        launch_arguments={'target_frame': 'carrot1'}.items(),
        )

    return LaunchDescription([
        demo_nodes,
        Node(
            package='learning_tf2_cpp',
            executable='dynamic_frame_tf2_broadcaster',
            name='dynamic_broadcaster',
        ),
    ])

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
project(learning_tf2_cpp)

# Default to C99
if(NOT CMAKE_C_STANDARD)
  set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)
endif()

# Default to C++14
if(NOT CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD)
  set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
endif()

if(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
  add_compile_options(-Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic)
endif()

# find dependencies
find_package(ament_cmake REQUIRED)
find_package(geometry_msgs REQUIRED)
find_package(rclcpp REQUIRED)
find_package(tf2 REQUIRED)
find_package(tf2_ros REQUIRED)
find_package(turtlesim REQUIRED)

add_executable(static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster src/static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(
   static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster
   geometry_msgs
   rclcpp
   tf2
   tf2_ros
)

install(TARGETS
   static_turtle_tf2_broadcaster
   DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME})

add_executable(turtle_tf2_broadcaster src/turtle_tf2_broadcaster.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(
    turtle_tf2_broadcaster
    geometry_msgs
    rclcpp
    tf2
    tf2_ros
    turtlesim
)

install(TARGETS
    turtle_tf2_broadcaster
    DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME})

add_executable(turtle_tf2_listener src/turtle_tf2_listener.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(
    turtle_tf2_listener
    geometry_msgs
    rclcpp
    tf2
    tf2_ros
    turtlesim
)

install(TARGETS
    turtle_tf2_listener
    DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME})

install(DIRECTORY launch
  DESTINATION share/${PROJECT_NAME})

add_executable(fixed_frame_tf2_broadcaster src/fixed_frame_tf2_broadcaster.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(
    fixed_frame_tf2_broadcaster
    geometry_msgs
    rclcpp
    tf2_ros
)

install(TARGETS
    fixed_frame_tf2_broadcaster
    DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME})

add_executable(dynamic_frame_tf2_broadcaster src/dynamic_frame_tf2_broadcaster.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(
    dynamic_frame_tf2_broadcaster
    geometry_msgs
    rclcpp
    tf2_ros
)

install(TARGETS
    dynamic_frame_tf2_broadcaster
    DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME})

if(BUILD_TESTING)
  find_package(ament_lint_auto REQUIRED)
  # the following line skips the linter which checks for copyrights
  # uncomment the line when a copyright and license is not present in all source files
  #set(ament_cmake_copyright_FOUND TRUE)
  # the following line skips cpplint (only works in a git repo)
  # uncomment the line when this package is not in a git repo
  #set(ament_cmake_cpplint_FOUND TRUE)
  ament_lint_auto_find_test_dependencies()
endif()

ament_package()